Path-Q Solar
What signs indicate that a solar panel has developed an internal hotspot?
Answer
Possible signs include a localized hot area visible with suitable thermal inspection, a persistent output reduction from one module or cell region, discoloration, browning, bubbling, burn marks, cracked glass, damaged backsheets, or a burnt odor. Visual signs can be absent, so suspected hotspots require qualified electrical and thermal testing.
Key points
- Hotspots can result from cell damage, shading, cracked cells, connector problems, or bypass-diode faults.
- Compare the affected module's electrical behavior with neighboring modules under similar conditions.
- Thermal imaging is most useful under appropriate irradiance and by a trained person.
- Do not touch a suspect panel, connector, or cable while energized.
What it depends on
- Module-level monitoring or electrical measurements
- Safe access and inspection conditions
- Thermal images or other diagnostic testing
- Panel history, shading, impact, and weather exposure
Risks and trade-offs
- A hotspot can worsen, damage the module, or create a fire risk.
- A thermal image can be misinterpreted because reflections and uneven irradiance resemble hotspots.
- Walking on or washing modules during inspection can cause additional damage or injury.
Information you may need
- Module model, location, and monitoring data
- Photos of discoloration, cracking, or physical damage
- Recent shading, debris, impact, or electrical events
- Qualified inspection results
Your next step
What to do next
Keep people away from visibly damaged equipment and arrange a qualified inspection with electrical and, where appropriate, thermal testing before deciding whether the module should remain in service.
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